Y2K (1192 words) Essay Example For Students

How to Write an A+ Research Paper

Stage 1. Pick A TOPIC Subject or title of the examination is the spirit of any paper. On the off chance that you get your preferred opportunity to pick a subject, at that point you should pick such theme which is fascinating to you or additionally you may banter it with your director, bunch colleagues and companions to choose immaculate one. At some point theme is given by director. STEP . Find INFORMATION Surf the Net. For general or establishment information, take a gander at accommodating site, general information on the web, annals or reference books on the web, for instance, Britannica. Use web search apparatuses and other chase instruments as a starting stage. Check Custom Thesis Writing Services These goals address associations and tend to be increasingly reliable, anyway be mindful of possible political inclination in some organization districts. Attempt to look through sites with expansions, for example .edu (instructive foundation), .gov or .organization (non-benefit association). Stage 3. Express YOUR THESIS Do some fundamental considering and record your proposition in one sentence. Your proposition clarification looks like a declaration of your conviction. The guideline some portion of your paper will include conflicts to reinforce and shield this conviction. Stage 4. Speculative OUTLINE All centers must relate to a comparative noteworthy topic that you at first said in your capital Roman numeral. The purpose behind an outlineâ is to help you completely consider your subject carefully and mastermind it intelligibly before you start forming. A not too bad structure is the most crucial step in making a fair paper. Check your outline to guarantee that the centers made sure about stream honestly starting with one then onto the next. Join into your diagram an INTRODUCTION, a BODY, and a CONCLUSION. Make the chief outline restrictive. Stage 5. Sort out YOUR NOTES Sort out all the information you have aggregated by your graph. On a very basic level examine your investigation data. Using the best available sources, check for precision and affirm that the information is real, forward leap, and right. Negating points of view should in like manner be noted if they help to reinforce your suggestion. This is the most basic stage in making an investigation paper. Here you will separate, mix, sort, and procedure the information you have collected. Scholastic Writing Services Stage 6. Create YOUR FIRST DRAFT Start with the chief subject in your format. Scrutinized all the noteworthy notes you have gathered that have been checked, for example with the capital Roman numeral I. Pack, rephrase or refer to explicitly for each idea you intend to use in your article. Stage 7. Change YOUR OUTLINE AND DRAFT Scrutinized your paper for any substance botches. Twofold check the crude numbers. Organize and modify contemplations to take after your structure. Modify your chart if significant, yet reliably save the purpose behind your paper and your per clients at the highest point of the need list. Use a free semantic use and altering checkers application. Stage 8. Sort FINAL PAPER Each and every conventional report or papers should be typewritten and printed, in a perfect world on a not too bad quality printer. Scrutinized the assignment sheet again to ensure that you see totally what is foreseen from you, and that your article meets the necessities as showed by your educator. Skill your article will be evaluated. Alter last paper meticulously to spell, highlight, missing or duplicated words. Endeavor to ensure that your last paper is immaculate, spotless, great, and engaging. Atâ composing servicesâ adorn new implications by joining demonstrable skill with client care that serves to convey the quality work to customer’s content. Here, experience and capacities of scholars help understudies to live their scholastic an existence with no dread and stress.

Using Essay Topics For Fourth Grade Students

Using Essay Topics For Fourth Grade StudentsEssay topics for 4th grade students are key to getting students' attention. You must use essay topics that the students can relate to and that they will find interesting. This will help students learn how to write an essay on their own, which is crucial for taking them beyond their level of comprehension.Writing for fourth graders can be difficult. They do not know how to structure an essay. They do not understand what it means to discuss a topic that they are interested in. By using essay topics for fourth graders as your students write essays, you will find that it becomes much easier for them to understand what you are trying to accomplish.The first step in writing for fourth graders is to spend some time with them writing down the information that they need to make sense of. You can start with learning about the basics of grammar. Ask them about the word order and how it applies to a particular subject. Be sure to include them in the pr ocess.Make sure that when you begin your assignment that you clearly explain your essay topics for fourth graders. Explain the type of information that the students will find necessary and helpful in understanding the subject. Once you have accomplished this, you can move on to providing them with examples that help them to grasp the concepts better.One common student problem is when they have information that they are not sure of. Assign them a topic and tell them that they should spend at least one hour writing their essay on the topic. In this way, they will feel more confident and will be able to deal with the topic. Once you have completed the assignment, be sure to give them the help that they need to move onto the next topic that you have set up for them.Essay topics for fourth graders involve analyzing and using information. By creating an essay about the meaning of a specific object or event, students will have an easier time explaining the information that they have learne d. Using their own observations and personal opinion as well as other aspects of the subject will help them to fully understand what they have learned.It is important for fourth graders to have a strong grasp of the facts, but they need to be able to describe them in a way that makes sense to them. By allowing them to explore the details of an issue or find an explanation that will best fit the information that they have, you will find that they will have a much better grasp of what the topic means. If you use essay topics for fourth graders to get them to explore the subject matter that they have, they will be much more willing to learn what they need to know.Essay topics for fourth graders are meant to offer them an easier path towards understanding information. When students learn how to write a good essay, they will be ready to take on any topic that they are required to write about. By showing them that they can rely on facts to back up their opinion, they will gain more confid ence in their abilities to explore their own knowledge.

Element Group 15 - Nitrogen Family Facts

The nitrogen family is element group 15 of the periodic table. Nitrogen family elements share a similar electron configuration pattern and follow predictable trends in their chemical properties. Also Known As: Elements belonging to this group are also known as pnictogens, at term derived from the Greek word pnigein, which means to choke. This refers to the choking property of nitrogen gas (as opposed to air, which contains oxygen as well as nitrogen). One way of remembering the identity of the pnictogen group is to remember the word starts with the symbols of two of its elements (P for phosphorus and N for nitrogen). The element family may also be termed pentels, which refers both to the elements formerly belonging to element group V and their characteristic of having 5 valence electrons. List of Elements in the Nitrogen Family The nitrogen family consists of five elements, which start with nitrogen on the periodic table and move down the group or column: nitrogenphosphorusarsenicantimonybismuth Its likely element 115, moscovium, also exhibits traits of the nitrogen family. Nitrogen Family Facts Here are some facts about the nitrogen family: Nitrogen family elements consists of atoms having 5 electrons in their outer energy level. Two of the electrons are in the s subshell, with 3 unpaired electrons in the ​p subshell.As you move down the nitrogen family: atomic radius increases, ionic radius increases, ionization energy decreases, and electronegativity decreases.Nitrogen family elements often form covalent compounds, usually with the oxidation numbers 3 or 5.Nitrogen and phosphorus are nonmetals. Arsenic and antimony are metalloids. Bismuth is a metal.Except for nitrogen, the elements are solid at room temperature.Element density increases moving down the family.Except for nitrogen and bismuth, the elements exist in two or more allotropic forms.Nitrogen family elements display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. Their compounds may be transparent, either diamagnetic or paramagnetic at room temperature, and may conduct electricity when heated. Because the atoms form double or triple bonds, the compou nds tend to be stable and potentially toxic. Element facts include crystal data for the most common allotropes and data for white phosphorus. Uses of Nitrogen Family Elements Two of the elements, nitrogen and phosphorus, are essential for life.Most of the Earths atmosphere consists of nitrogen gas, N2. Diatomic pnictogen molecules like this may be called pnictides. Because of their valence, pnictide atoms are connected by a covalent triple bond.Phosphorus is used in matches, fireworks, and fertilizer. Its also used to make phosphoric acid.Arsenic is toxic. It has been used as a poison and as a rodenticide.Antimony finds use in alloys.Bismuth is used in medications, paint, and as a catalyst. Nitrogen Family - Group 15 - Element Properties N P As Sb Bi melting point (Â °C) -209.86 44.1 817 (27 atm) 630.5 271.3 boiling point (Â °C) -195.8 280 613 (sublimes) 1750 1560 density (g/cm3) 1.25 x 10-3 1.82 5.727 6.684 9.80 ionization energy (kJ/mol) 1402 1012 947 834 703 atomic radius (pm) 75 110 120 140 150 ionic radius (pm) 146 (N3-) 212 (P3-) -- 76 (Sb3+) 103 (Bi3+) usual oxidation number -3, +3, +5 -3, +3, +5 +3, +5 +3, +5 +3 hardness (Mohs) none (gas) -- 3.5 3.0 2.25 crystal structure cubic (solid) cubic rhombohedral hcp rhombohedral Reference: Modern Chemistry (South Carolina). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Harcourt Education (2009).

The Effect Of The Volksgemeinschaft Policy On The Rising...

Plan of Investigation: The motive of this investigation is to analyze the extent of which the Volksgemeinschaft policy affected the rising of German anti-Semitism. The policy arose from the yearning of a society in which there would be less to no differences in class and more unification within the people. The Volkgemeinschaft itself can be defined as a â€Å"people’s community.† One of the aspects to consider when analyzing the importance of the Volksgemeinschaft is the terrific and grand impact it had on millions of people. Many people in recent years, as well as in previous years have had numerous unanswered questions about this policy, and this researcher intends to answer a major and essential question; the effect of the policy on German anti-Semitism. Some of the ways in which this investigator plans to analyze and answer this inquiry include collecting information from various reputable internet sites, as well as books such as Michael Wildt’s â€Å"Hitler s Volksgemeinschaft an d the Dynamics of Racial Exclusion,† and newspaper articles regarding the policy. The parameter to this investigation will be within the time frame of 1919 and 1939 during which we can see the various changes in German society taking place. Youth Groups: The root and future of your society is the youth. To have them follow you is to have definite power in the future. Hitler seems to have been aware of this when molding his perfect community, therefore he did many things to have his ideology accepted by

Histopathological and Histochemical Techniques

Question: Discuss about the Report for Histopathological and Histochemical Techniques. Answer: Introduction: The aim of this exercise is to demonstrate the dissection and preparation of tissue sections that were taken from a rat for histopathological analysis. Furthermore, difficulties and issues occurred during the conduct of the experiment are discussed. Additionally, histological features of the rat tissue by using Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and different special stains are also discussed (1-2). Initially, specific organs from the rat were ordered to be dissected. These organs include liver, kidney, lung, trachea, duodenum and femur. In order to obtain these organs from the rat, the rat was dissected followed by cutting of specific organs into an appropriate size and placed in cassette and finally fixed with a fixative agent like 10% normal buffered formalin. The fixation process was crucial because it prevented the tissue from autolysis, putrefaction, osmotic swelling, shrinkage and loss of cellular component (2-4). Tissue processing was performed by the pathology technician and Leica ASP200s tissue processor was used for tissue processing. Another key point to mention here is that, unlike other tissues, femur tissue required decalcification prior tissue processing. The next step was embedding which plays a critical role in improving the stability of tissue for long time and supporting the tissue section. The tissues were placed centrally and correctly orientated in mould followed by adding paraffin wax and then were placed in cold bench for solidification (1, 5). Furthermore, sectioning of tissues was performed by setting the solidified block in the microtome. Trimming was done at 10 m till the full-face of the tissue was exposed and followed by cut at 4 m to get ribbons. There are many aspects that should be considered to get a good quality sections like cooling the block, use of sharp blade and optmum water-bath temperature. After the complete drying up of the slides, the staining step took place. Progressive Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) was used to demonstrate the details at nuclear level and cytoplasmic features of the tissues. Next step was to perform staining with different special stains. Hall, Perls and Congo red stains were used to demonstrate bilirubin, haemosiderin andamyloid, respectively in liver tissue. Periodic Acid Schiffs (PAS) along with Diastase Digestion were used to demonstrate carbohydrates like glycogen in kidney. Alcian Blue Acid Schiffs stain (AB-PAS) was also used to demonstrate and differentiate different types of ac id mucin in duodenum. Moreover, to evaluate fibrosis of esophagus and trachea, Massons Trichrome (MT) was used. Finally, Verhoeffs Elastic stain (VVG) and Gomoris Aldehyde Fuchsin stain (GAF) were used to demonstrate elastic fibres (6-8). Discussion: Liver: The liver was bathed with blood which made some difficulties in removing it. After that it was cut into 10% normal buffered formalin. Afterward, it was cut into small pieces of around 8*7 mm and placed in a cassette. Tissue processing was performed by pathology technician. There was no issue in embedding step. However, there was difficulty during sectioning procedure which involves dissolving and also, possibility of breakdown of the tissue when it was placed in the water-bath. A couple of techniques were used to resolve this issue like cooling the block and changing the blade, however all these efforts failed. Even Janine tried one time but it was the same result which is dissolving of the tissue in water-bath. Eventually, Janine said this issue might be caused by bad tissue processing. Although the tissue was damaged, five slides were prepared as requested. Progressive HE method was used to demonstrate the features of the tissue, which reports initial diagnosis. However, as a resul t of bad processing and damaged tissue, it was difficult to recognise the livers architectures in the HE slide. Moreover, three special stains were requested to be performed. Congo red for amyloid, Perls for haemosiderin and Halls for bilirubin was used. Five slides were performed, two for Perls, two for Halls and one for Congo red. Perls stained positively in the control slide by illustrating the haemosiderin with dark blue colour but there was no sign of haemosiderin in the rat liver. The control slide of Halls stain illustrated the bilirubin with olive green colour but the test slide was negative for bilirubin. There was only one slide for Congo red which was control slide and it demonstrated the amyloid with red in colour. However, the tested slides should be repeated because the tissue was damaged and most of the livers structure was disappeared (5-9). Kidney: Dissection of the kidney was simple because it is not attached to any other organ. Since, the kidney was cut in half, there was no issue in the embedding step. The cut side of the kidney was placed at the bottom of a cassette. However, sectioning kidney tissue was challenging because there was a problem in tissue processing as Janine explained in the class. Although there was poor processing and improper sectioning of kidney tissue, progressive HE method was used to demonstrate the histological features of kidney. In HE slides numerous glomeruli were observed in the cortex and the bowmens capsule of glomerulus. It also showed the inner and outer medulla, distal tubules and collecting tubules. Moreover, two control slides of kidney tissue were given to perform Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and (PAS-Diastase) stains. PAS stain demonstrated different types of carbohydrates such as glycogen and natural mucin in the tissue. However, it was difficult to distinguish glycogen from PAS positive mucins; therefore, PASD was used to remove the glycogen. PASD slide were treated with fresh human saliva, which performed function of diastase agent. The results demonstrated that the glycogen was present in PAS slide with magenta colour whereas no magenta colour was present in PASD slide. Rat kidney stained positively by exhibiting the magenta colour in glomeruli and tubules. It also showed thickness of the basement membrane of the glomeruli (6-10). Lung: The dissection of the lung was challenging because it is located under the rib cage of the rat. Thus, a scissor was used to facilitate removal of the lung. There were no issues in the embedding step. The sectioning step was difficult and that was due to inadequate processing. However, sectioning of the lung was easy as compared to the liver and the kidney sectioning. Progressive HE method was used to demonstrate histological features of lung and to report initially diagnosis of the lung tissue. Although there was poor processing for lung, the lungs features were demonstrated such asbronchioles, alveolar alveolar ducts in the HE stained slides (6-10). Duodenum: Detaching the duodenum was difficult because it was hardly visible, as it was bathed with blood. Two sections were cut for duodenum, long section from the edge and small section from the middle, as requested from the administrators. There were some difficulties in embedding the small section due to its small size, but it was managed by using two forceps. The sectioning step went well and smoothly as a result it gave neat and clean ribbons. Progressive HE method was used for staining, which demonstrated different structure of the duodenum. Structures observed in the duodenum were mucosa, submucosa, goblet cell and smooth muscle. In addition, Alcian Blue/PAS stain was performed in two slides like control slide and duodenum slide and it demonstrated presence of mucin. Both slides demonstrated neutral mucin which was represented with magenta colour while acid mucin was negative (6-11). Oesophagus Trachea: There were some difficulties in detaching oesophagus trachea because these tissues were located under the rib cage of the rat. Embedding step was challenging due to the small size of one of the sections obtained from these tissues. So two forceps were used to fix the tissue while embedding. Eventually, it embedded in a right position. As a result, sectioning by the microtome went very well and easy which gave nice ribbons. Like other tissues progressive HE method was used for oesophagus trachea staining. In HE slide, different structures were demonstrated like mucosa and submucosa layers of the trachea, also thyroid glands were seen. However, it was difficult to see the folds of the oesophagus. Furthermore, Massons Trichrome was used to demonstrate fibrosis that was present in these tissues. The control slide showed collagen and it was differentiated with muscle collagen. The tested tissues showed presence of normal level of collagen which reflects these tissues were normal (5-9). Bone (femur): One of the hardest organs to detach was bone, so scalpel was used to cut the femur from the leg. In addition, it should be free of any attached muscle, so it was removed by scalpel. Not like any other tissues, femurs had important step in tissue processing which was decalcification. The next step was embedding which was easy because the hardness of femur and it helped in fixing the tissue at the time of embedding. There were no issues in sectioning and as result clean ribbons were obtained. Progressive HE method was used to stain different features of the femur. It demonstrated collagen fibres, bone marrow cartilage (5-9; 13). Conclusion: The purpose of the current study was to demonstrate the method of dissection, tissue processing, preparation and staining of slides for histological observations of collected tissues. In order to obtain a high quality sections, all precautions were taken at each step right from the dissection until the mounting of tissues. In addition, this exercise taught the importance of tissue processing because it could affect the section quality. Moreover, it explained the correlation between HE and special stains in microscopic examination. Finally, it was understood that accurate diagnosis of histological sections could be obtained from accurate histological preparations. 1-Write up a processing schedule for an urgent endoscopic biopsy eg. Duodenum? Solution Time Required Vacuum Temperature (C) Formalin (10%) 10 Minutes Yes 38C Formalin (10%) 10 Minutes Yes 38C Alcohol (70%) 10 Minutes Yes 38C Alcohol (95%) 10 Minutes Yes 38C Alcohol (95%) 10 Minutes Yes 38C Absolute Alcohol 10 Minutes Yes 38C Absolute Alcohol 10 Minutes Yes 38C Xylene 10 Minutes Yes 38C Xylene 10 Minutes Yes 38C Paraffin Wax 10 Minutes Yes 38C Paraffin Wax 10 Minutes Yes 58C (1, 2) 2- Please list the different types of fixation available? There are two methods available for fixation, physical and chemical methods. Physical fixation method include: Heating (rarely used). Micro-waving (widely used) Cryo-preservation (that for freeze drying). Chemical fixation method include: Mercuric chloride. Osmium tetroxide. Picric acid. Alcohol both (Ethanol and Methanal). Acetic acid.(4, 12) 3-What are the other clearing agents that could have been used for processing your specimens? Briefly discuss their advantages and disadvantages? Clearing agents Advantage Disadvantage Xylene Commonly used because of it is less harmful nature. It is harsh and may cause solidification and brittleness to the tissue. Chloroform Not as harsh as xylene. Not harmful to the tissue, used in the experiment. Slower than xylene. It may cause health problems for the technician. Limonene-derivatives Unlike xylene, limonene derivatives have low toxicity levels. It has a pungent odor. Cedar wood oil It is characterized by gradual action and lacks significant effect on hardening of tissues. Expensive. Slow. (1-2; 10) 4-What precautions should be taken when setting and loading a tissue processor? Make sure that all reagents are clean. Adjustment of the processor depends on type of tissue because bone tissues needs decalcification prior processing. Well trained staff should run the machine. Safety precautions should be followed (1, 10) 5-What effects can prolonged decalcification have on tissues? Prolonged decalcification causes tissue damage. Moreover, it may spoil the staining of basophilic structure like cell nuclei and causes weakness of the softer tissue elements, especially when strong acid decalcifying agent is used. In addition, it destroys the calcium that is present in the bone and eliminate the morphology of the cell (1-2; 13). 6- What methods other than a chemical test for calcium ions, are available for determining the end point of decalcification? Comment on their reliability. Radiography: sensitive method but it may lead to tissue damage due to X-ray exposure. Calcium oxalate. Physical method: but it may lead to tissue artefact if the tissue squeezed hardly (1-2; 13). 7-When embedding tissues, what should be avoided in order to ensure that quality is achieved? Paraffin wax and the cold plate must be in a right temperature. Choosing an appropriate size of moulds is critical in order to achieve high quality sections. Clean forceps should be used. Tissue should be well orientated (1, 10). References: F. A. Culling. Handbook of Histopathological and Histochemical Techniques. 3rd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann; 2013. Suvarna, SK, Layton C, Bancroft JD. Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013. Greaves P. Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies: Interpretation and Relevance in Drug Safety Evaluation. 4th Academic Press: Elsevier; 2012. Werner M, Chott A, Fabiano A, Battifora H. Effect of formalin tissue fixation and processing on immunohistochemistry. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000 Jul; 24(7):1016-9. Comanescu M, Annaratone L, D'Armento G, Cardos G, Sapino A, Bussolati G. Critical Steps in Tissue Processing in Histopathology. Recent Patents on DNA Gene Sequences. 2012 Apr; 6(1): 22-32. Parker GA, Picut CA. (2016). Atlas of Histology of the Juvenile Rat. Academic Press: Elsevier; Gopinath C, Vasanthi M. Atlas of Toxicological Pathology. Springer; 2014. Roberts N, Magee D, Song Y, Brabazon K, Shires M, Crellin D, Orsi NM, Quirke R, Quirke P, Treanor D. Toward routine use of 3D histopathology as a research tool. Am J Pathol. 2012 May;180(5):1835-42. Ruehl-Fehlert C, Kittel B, Morawietz G, Deslex P, Keenan C, et al., Revised guides for organ sampling and trimming in rats and mice Part 1. Exp Toxic Pathol. 2003; 55: 91106. Hayes AW. Principles and Methods of Toxicology. 5th CRC Press; 2007. Orchard G, Nation B. Histopathology. Oxford University Press; 2011. Moelans CB, ter Hoeve N, van Ginkel JW, ten Kate FJ, van Diest PJ. Formaldehyde substitute fixatives. Analysis of macroscopy, morphologic analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2011 Oct; 136(4):548-56. Callis G, Sterchi D. Decalcification of Bone: Literature Review and Practical Study of Various Decalcifying Agents. Methods, and Their Effects on Bone Histology. 1998; 21(1): 49-58.

It Is Curious To Note The Role Of Women In Shakespearean Literature. M

It is curious to note the role of women in Shakespearean literature. Many critics have lambasted the female characters in his plays as two-dimensional and unrealistic portrayals of subservient women. Others have asserted that the roles of women in his plays were prominent for the time and culture that he lived in. That such contrasting views could be held in regards to the same topic is academic. It is only with close examination of his works that we are able to suppose his intent in creating characters that inspire so much controversy. Two works, Taming of the Shrew, and Twelfth Night, stand out particularly well in regards to Shakespeare's use of female characters. After examining these two plays, one will see that Shakespeare, though conforming to contemporary attitudes of women, circumvented them by creating resolute female characters with a strong sense of self. The Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeare's most famous plays, and has weathered well into our modern era with adaptations into popular television series such as Moonlighting. For all the praises it has garnered throughout the centuries, it is curious to note that many have considered it to be one of his most controversial in his treatment of women. The "taming" of Katherine has been contended as being excessively cruel by many writers and critics of the modern era. George Bernard Shaw himself pressed for its banning during the 19th century (Peralta). The subservience of Katherine has been labeled as barbaric, antiquated, and generally demeaning. The play centers on her and her lack of suitors. It establishes in the first act her shrewish demeanor and its repercussions on her family. It is only with the introduction of the witty Petruchio as her suitor, that one begins to see an evolution in her character. Through an elaborate charade of humiliating behavior, Petruchio humbles he r and by the end of the play, she will instruct other women on the nature of being a good and dutiful wife. In direct contrast to Shrew, is Twelfth Night, whose main female protagonist is by far the strongest character in the play. The main character Viola, has been stranded in a foreign land and adopts the identity of her brother so that she might live independently without a husband or guardian. She serves as a courtier to a young, lovesick nobleman named Orsino. Throughout the play she plays as a go-between for him to the woman he loves. In the course of her service, she falls in love with him. Only at the end, does she renounce her male identity and declares her love for him. Both plays portray female characters unwilling to accept the female role of passivity. Katherine rebels against this stereotype by becoming a "shrew", a violently tempered and belligerent woman. Viola disguises herself as a man for most of the play in order to preserve her state of free will. Katherine endures reprimands, chiding, and humiliation in the course of her chosen rebellion. Viola enjoys life and position as a man, and does not reveal who she is until the last scene of the play. Curiously enough, both women voluntarily accept the roles that society would impose on them again at the close of the plays. It is important to note though, that they freely resume these roles, and that they do so out of their own sense of self. For each woman, it is a personal choice based on their desires. In the case of Katherine, she realizes that propriety is as much a signature of self-respect as respect for others, and she has a husband whom she need prove nothing to because he already respec ts her. In the case of Viola, she is in love with the young Orsino. Having found the man she would be willing to wed, the pretense of her male identity is no longer necessary, as she desires to be his wife. Having seen the similarities between Viola and Katherine, one should take notice that they do have different circumstances regarding their behavior. The reason for Katherine's shrewish demeanor is never given in the play, though many directors have interpreted it as an act to discourage suitors, much like Hamlet's feigned madness. Others have attributed it