Y2K (1192 words) Essay Example For Students

How to Write an A+ Research Paper

Stage 1. Pick A TOPIC Subject or title of the examination is the spirit of any paper. On the off chance that you get your preferred opportunity to pick a subject, at that point you should pick such theme which is fascinating to you or additionally you may banter it with your director, bunch colleagues and companions to choose immaculate one. At some point theme is given by director. STEP . Find INFORMATION Surf the Net. For general or establishment information, take a gander at accommodating site, general information on the web, annals or reference books on the web, for instance, Britannica. Use web search apparatuses and other chase instruments as a starting stage. Check Custom Thesis Writing Services These goals address associations and tend to be increasingly reliable, anyway be mindful of possible political inclination in some organization districts. Attempt to look through sites with expansions, for example .edu (instructive foundation), .gov or .organization (non-benefit association). Stage 3. Express YOUR THESIS Do some fundamental considering and record your proposition in one sentence. Your proposition clarification looks like a declaration of your conviction. The guideline some portion of your paper will include conflicts to reinforce and shield this conviction. Stage 4. Speculative OUTLINE All centers must relate to a comparative noteworthy topic that you at first said in your capital Roman numeral. The purpose behind an outlineâ is to help you completely consider your subject carefully and mastermind it intelligibly before you start forming. A not too bad structure is the most crucial step in making a fair paper. Check your outline to guarantee that the centers made sure about stream honestly starting with one then onto the next. Join into your diagram an INTRODUCTION, a BODY, and a CONCLUSION. Make the chief outline restrictive. Stage 5. Sort out YOUR NOTES Sort out all the information you have aggregated by your graph. On a very basic level examine your investigation data. Using the best available sources, check for precision and affirm that the information is real, forward leap, and right. Negating points of view should in like manner be noted if they help to reinforce your suggestion. This is the most basic stage in making an investigation paper. Here you will separate, mix, sort, and procedure the information you have collected. Scholastic Writing Services Stage 6. Create YOUR FIRST DRAFT Start with the chief subject in your format. Scrutinized all the noteworthy notes you have gathered that have been checked, for example with the capital Roman numeral I. Pack, rephrase or refer to explicitly for each idea you intend to use in your article. Stage 7. Change YOUR OUTLINE AND DRAFT Scrutinized your paper for any substance botches. Twofold check the crude numbers. Organize and modify contemplations to take after your structure. Modify your chart if significant, yet reliably save the purpose behind your paper and your per clients at the highest point of the need list. Use a free semantic use and altering checkers application. Stage 8. Sort FINAL PAPER Each and every conventional report or papers should be typewritten and printed, in a perfect world on a not too bad quality printer. Scrutinized the assignment sheet again to ensure that you see totally what is foreseen from you, and that your article meets the necessities as showed by your educator. Skill your article will be evaluated. Alter last paper meticulously to spell, highlight, missing or duplicated words. Endeavor to ensure that your last paper is immaculate, spotless, great, and engaging. Atâ composing servicesâ adorn new implications by joining demonstrable skill with client care that serves to convey the quality work to customer’s content. Here, experience and capacities of scholars help understudies to live their scholastic an existence with no dread and stress.

Using Essay Topics For Fourth Grade Students

Using Essay Topics For Fourth Grade StudentsEssay topics for 4th grade students are key to getting students' attention. You must use essay topics that the students can relate to and that they will find interesting. This will help students learn how to write an essay on their own, which is crucial for taking them beyond their level of comprehension.Writing for fourth graders can be difficult. They do not know how to structure an essay. They do not understand what it means to discuss a topic that they are interested in. By using essay topics for fourth graders as your students write essays, you will find that it becomes much easier for them to understand what you are trying to accomplish.The first step in writing for fourth graders is to spend some time with them writing down the information that they need to make sense of. You can start with learning about the basics of grammar. Ask them about the word order and how it applies to a particular subject. Be sure to include them in the pr ocess.Make sure that when you begin your assignment that you clearly explain your essay topics for fourth graders. Explain the type of information that the students will find necessary and helpful in understanding the subject. Once you have accomplished this, you can move on to providing them with examples that help them to grasp the concepts better.One common student problem is when they have information that they are not sure of. Assign them a topic and tell them that they should spend at least one hour writing their essay on the topic. In this way, they will feel more confident and will be able to deal with the topic. Once you have completed the assignment, be sure to give them the help that they need to move onto the next topic that you have set up for them.Essay topics for fourth graders involve analyzing and using information. By creating an essay about the meaning of a specific object or event, students will have an easier time explaining the information that they have learne d. Using their own observations and personal opinion as well as other aspects of the subject will help them to fully understand what they have learned.It is important for fourth graders to have a strong grasp of the facts, but they need to be able to describe them in a way that makes sense to them. By allowing them to explore the details of an issue or find an explanation that will best fit the information that they have, you will find that they will have a much better grasp of what the topic means. If you use essay topics for fourth graders to get them to explore the subject matter that they have, they will be much more willing to learn what they need to know.Essay topics for fourth graders are meant to offer them an easier path towards understanding information. When students learn how to write a good essay, they will be ready to take on any topic that they are required to write about. By showing them that they can rely on facts to back up their opinion, they will gain more confid ence in their abilities to explore their own knowledge.

Element Group 15 - Nitrogen Family Facts

The nitrogen family is element group 15 of the periodic table. Nitrogen family elements share a similar electron configuration pattern and follow predictable trends in their chemical properties. Also Known As: Elements belonging to this group are also known as pnictogens, at term derived from the Greek word pnigein, which means to choke. This refers to the choking property of nitrogen gas (as opposed to air, which contains oxygen as well as nitrogen). One way of remembering the identity of the pnictogen group is to remember the word starts with the symbols of two of its elements (P for phosphorus and N for nitrogen). The element family may also be termed pentels, which refers both to the elements formerly belonging to element group V and their characteristic of having 5 valence electrons. List of Elements in the Nitrogen Family The nitrogen family consists of five elements, which start with nitrogen on the periodic table and move down the group or column: nitrogenphosphorusarsenicantimonybismuth Its likely element 115, moscovium, also exhibits traits of the nitrogen family. Nitrogen Family Facts Here are some facts about the nitrogen family: Nitrogen family elements consists of atoms having 5 electrons in their outer energy level. Two of the electrons are in the s subshell, with 3 unpaired electrons in the ​p subshell.As you move down the nitrogen family: atomic radius increases, ionic radius increases, ionization energy decreases, and electronegativity decreases.Nitrogen family elements often form covalent compounds, usually with the oxidation numbers 3 or 5.Nitrogen and phosphorus are nonmetals. Arsenic and antimony are metalloids. Bismuth is a metal.Except for nitrogen, the elements are solid at room temperature.Element density increases moving down the family.Except for nitrogen and bismuth, the elements exist in two or more allotropic forms.Nitrogen family elements display a wide range of physical and chemical properties. Their compounds may be transparent, either diamagnetic or paramagnetic at room temperature, and may conduct electricity when heated. Because the atoms form double or triple bonds, the compou nds tend to be stable and potentially toxic. Element facts include crystal data for the most common allotropes and data for white phosphorus. Uses of Nitrogen Family Elements Two of the elements, nitrogen and phosphorus, are essential for life.Most of the Earths atmosphere consists of nitrogen gas, N2. Diatomic pnictogen molecules like this may be called pnictides. Because of their valence, pnictide atoms are connected by a covalent triple bond.Phosphorus is used in matches, fireworks, and fertilizer. Its also used to make phosphoric acid.Arsenic is toxic. It has been used as a poison and as a rodenticide.Antimony finds use in alloys.Bismuth is used in medications, paint, and as a catalyst. Nitrogen Family - Group 15 - Element Properties N P As Sb Bi melting point (Â °C) -209.86 44.1 817 (27 atm) 630.5 271.3 boiling point (Â °C) -195.8 280 613 (sublimes) 1750 1560 density (g/cm3) 1.25 x 10-3 1.82 5.727 6.684 9.80 ionization energy (kJ/mol) 1402 1012 947 834 703 atomic radius (pm) 75 110 120 140 150 ionic radius (pm) 146 (N3-) 212 (P3-) -- 76 (Sb3+) 103 (Bi3+) usual oxidation number -3, +3, +5 -3, +3, +5 +3, +5 +3, +5 +3 hardness (Mohs) none (gas) -- 3.5 3.0 2.25 crystal structure cubic (solid) cubic rhombohedral hcp rhombohedral Reference: Modern Chemistry (South Carolina). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Harcourt Education (2009).

The Effect Of The Volksgemeinschaft Policy On The Rising...

Plan of Investigation: The motive of this investigation is to analyze the extent of which the Volksgemeinschaft policy affected the rising of German anti-Semitism. The policy arose from the yearning of a society in which there would be less to no differences in class and more unification within the people. The Volkgemeinschaft itself can be defined as a â€Å"people’s community.† One of the aspects to consider when analyzing the importance of the Volksgemeinschaft is the terrific and grand impact it had on millions of people. Many people in recent years, as well as in previous years have had numerous unanswered questions about this policy, and this researcher intends to answer a major and essential question; the effect of the policy on German anti-Semitism. Some of the ways in which this investigator plans to analyze and answer this inquiry include collecting information from various reputable internet sites, as well as books such as Michael Wildt’s â€Å"Hitler s Volksgemeinschaft an d the Dynamics of Racial Exclusion,† and newspaper articles regarding the policy. The parameter to this investigation will be within the time frame of 1919 and 1939 during which we can see the various changes in German society taking place. Youth Groups: The root and future of your society is the youth. To have them follow you is to have definite power in the future. Hitler seems to have been aware of this when molding his perfect community, therefore he did many things to have his ideology accepted by

Histopathological and Histochemical Techniques

Question: Discuss about the Report for Histopathological and Histochemical Techniques. Answer: Introduction: The aim of this exercise is to demonstrate the dissection and preparation of tissue sections that were taken from a rat for histopathological analysis. Furthermore, difficulties and issues occurred during the conduct of the experiment are discussed. Additionally, histological features of the rat tissue by using Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and different special stains are also discussed (1-2). Initially, specific organs from the rat were ordered to be dissected. These organs include liver, kidney, lung, trachea, duodenum and femur. In order to obtain these organs from the rat, the rat was dissected followed by cutting of specific organs into an appropriate size and placed in cassette and finally fixed with a fixative agent like 10% normal buffered formalin. The fixation process was crucial because it prevented the tissue from autolysis, putrefaction, osmotic swelling, shrinkage and loss of cellular component (2-4). Tissue processing was performed by the pathology technician and Leica ASP200s tissue processor was used for tissue processing. Another key point to mention here is that, unlike other tissues, femur tissue required decalcification prior tissue processing. The next step was embedding which plays a critical role in improving the stability of tissue for long time and supporting the tissue section. The tissues were placed centrally and correctly orientated in mould followed by adding paraffin wax and then were placed in cold bench for solidification (1, 5). Furthermore, sectioning of tissues was performed by setting the solidified block in the microtome. Trimming was done at 10 m till the full-face of the tissue was exposed and followed by cut at 4 m to get ribbons. There are many aspects that should be considered to get a good quality sections like cooling the block, use of sharp blade and optmum water-bath temperature. After the complete drying up of the slides, the staining step took place. Progressive Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) was used to demonstrate the details at nuclear level and cytoplasmic features of the tissues. Next step was to perform staining with different special stains. Hall, Perls and Congo red stains were used to demonstrate bilirubin, haemosiderin andamyloid, respectively in liver tissue. Periodic Acid Schiffs (PAS) along with Diastase Digestion were used to demonstrate carbohydrates like glycogen in kidney. Alcian Blue Acid Schiffs stain (AB-PAS) was also used to demonstrate and differentiate different types of ac id mucin in duodenum. Moreover, to evaluate fibrosis of esophagus and trachea, Massons Trichrome (MT) was used. Finally, Verhoeffs Elastic stain (VVG) and Gomoris Aldehyde Fuchsin stain (GAF) were used to demonstrate elastic fibres (6-8). Discussion: Liver: The liver was bathed with blood which made some difficulties in removing it. After that it was cut into 10% normal buffered formalin. Afterward, it was cut into small pieces of around 8*7 mm and placed in a cassette. Tissue processing was performed by pathology technician. There was no issue in embedding step. However, there was difficulty during sectioning procedure which involves dissolving and also, possibility of breakdown of the tissue when it was placed in the water-bath. A couple of techniques were used to resolve this issue like cooling the block and changing the blade, however all these efforts failed. Even Janine tried one time but it was the same result which is dissolving of the tissue in water-bath. Eventually, Janine said this issue might be caused by bad tissue processing. Although the tissue was damaged, five slides were prepared as requested. Progressive HE method was used to demonstrate the features of the tissue, which reports initial diagnosis. However, as a resul t of bad processing and damaged tissue, it was difficult to recognise the livers architectures in the HE slide. Moreover, three special stains were requested to be performed. Congo red for amyloid, Perls for haemosiderin and Halls for bilirubin was used. Five slides were performed, two for Perls, two for Halls and one for Congo red. Perls stained positively in the control slide by illustrating the haemosiderin with dark blue colour but there was no sign of haemosiderin in the rat liver. The control slide of Halls stain illustrated the bilirubin with olive green colour but the test slide was negative for bilirubin. There was only one slide for Congo red which was control slide and it demonstrated the amyloid with red in colour. However, the tested slides should be repeated because the tissue was damaged and most of the livers structure was disappeared (5-9). Kidney: Dissection of the kidney was simple because it is not attached to any other organ. Since, the kidney was cut in half, there was no issue in the embedding step. The cut side of the kidney was placed at the bottom of a cassette. However, sectioning kidney tissue was challenging because there was a problem in tissue processing as Janine explained in the class. Although there was poor processing and improper sectioning of kidney tissue, progressive HE method was used to demonstrate the histological features of kidney. In HE slides numerous glomeruli were observed in the cortex and the bowmens capsule of glomerulus. It also showed the inner and outer medulla, distal tubules and collecting tubules. Moreover, two control slides of kidney tissue were given to perform Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and (PAS-Diastase) stains. PAS stain demonstrated different types of carbohydrates such as glycogen and natural mucin in the tissue. However, it was difficult to distinguish glycogen from PAS positive mucins; therefore, PASD was used to remove the glycogen. PASD slide were treated with fresh human saliva, which performed function of diastase agent. The results demonstrated that the glycogen was present in PAS slide with magenta colour whereas no magenta colour was present in PASD slide. Rat kidney stained positively by exhibiting the magenta colour in glomeruli and tubules. It also showed thickness of the basement membrane of the glomeruli (6-10). Lung: The dissection of the lung was challenging because it is located under the rib cage of the rat. Thus, a scissor was used to facilitate removal of the lung. There were no issues in the embedding step. The sectioning step was difficult and that was due to inadequate processing. However, sectioning of the lung was easy as compared to the liver and the kidney sectioning. Progressive HE method was used to demonstrate histological features of lung and to report initially diagnosis of the lung tissue. Although there was poor processing for lung, the lungs features were demonstrated such asbronchioles, alveolar alveolar ducts in the HE stained slides (6-10). Duodenum: Detaching the duodenum was difficult because it was hardly visible, as it was bathed with blood. Two sections were cut for duodenum, long section from the edge and small section from the middle, as requested from the administrators. There were some difficulties in embedding the small section due to its small size, but it was managed by using two forceps. The sectioning step went well and smoothly as a result it gave neat and clean ribbons. Progressive HE method was used for staining, which demonstrated different structure of the duodenum. Structures observed in the duodenum were mucosa, submucosa, goblet cell and smooth muscle. In addition, Alcian Blue/PAS stain was performed in two slides like control slide and duodenum slide and it demonstrated presence of mucin. Both slides demonstrated neutral mucin which was represented with magenta colour while acid mucin was negative (6-11). Oesophagus Trachea: There were some difficulties in detaching oesophagus trachea because these tissues were located under the rib cage of the rat. Embedding step was challenging due to the small size of one of the sections obtained from these tissues. So two forceps were used to fix the tissue while embedding. Eventually, it embedded in a right position. As a result, sectioning by the microtome went very well and easy which gave nice ribbons. Like other tissues progressive HE method was used for oesophagus trachea staining. In HE slide, different structures were demonstrated like mucosa and submucosa layers of the trachea, also thyroid glands were seen. However, it was difficult to see the folds of the oesophagus. Furthermore, Massons Trichrome was used to demonstrate fibrosis that was present in these tissues. The control slide showed collagen and it was differentiated with muscle collagen. The tested tissues showed presence of normal level of collagen which reflects these tissues were normal (5-9). Bone (femur): One of the hardest organs to detach was bone, so scalpel was used to cut the femur from the leg. In addition, it should be free of any attached muscle, so it was removed by scalpel. Not like any other tissues, femurs had important step in tissue processing which was decalcification. The next step was embedding which was easy because the hardness of femur and it helped in fixing the tissue at the time of embedding. There were no issues in sectioning and as result clean ribbons were obtained. Progressive HE method was used to stain different features of the femur. It demonstrated collagen fibres, bone marrow cartilage (5-9; 13). Conclusion: The purpose of the current study was to demonstrate the method of dissection, tissue processing, preparation and staining of slides for histological observations of collected tissues. In order to obtain a high quality sections, all precautions were taken at each step right from the dissection until the mounting of tissues. In addition, this exercise taught the importance of tissue processing because it could affect the section quality. Moreover, it explained the correlation between HE and special stains in microscopic examination. Finally, it was understood that accurate diagnosis of histological sections could be obtained from accurate histological preparations. 1-Write up a processing schedule for an urgent endoscopic biopsy eg. Duodenum? Solution Time Required Vacuum Temperature (C) Formalin (10%) 10 Minutes Yes 38C Formalin (10%) 10 Minutes Yes 38C Alcohol (70%) 10 Minutes Yes 38C Alcohol (95%) 10 Minutes Yes 38C Alcohol (95%) 10 Minutes Yes 38C Absolute Alcohol 10 Minutes Yes 38C Absolute Alcohol 10 Minutes Yes 38C Xylene 10 Minutes Yes 38C Xylene 10 Minutes Yes 38C Paraffin Wax 10 Minutes Yes 38C Paraffin Wax 10 Minutes Yes 58C (1, 2) 2- Please list the different types of fixation available? There are two methods available for fixation, physical and chemical methods. Physical fixation method include: Heating (rarely used). Micro-waving (widely used) Cryo-preservation (that for freeze drying). Chemical fixation method include: Mercuric chloride. Osmium tetroxide. Picric acid. Alcohol both (Ethanol and Methanal). Acetic acid.(4, 12) 3-What are the other clearing agents that could have been used for processing your specimens? Briefly discuss their advantages and disadvantages? Clearing agents Advantage Disadvantage Xylene Commonly used because of it is less harmful nature. It is harsh and may cause solidification and brittleness to the tissue. Chloroform Not as harsh as xylene. Not harmful to the tissue, used in the experiment. Slower than xylene. It may cause health problems for the technician. Limonene-derivatives Unlike xylene, limonene derivatives have low toxicity levels. It has a pungent odor. Cedar wood oil It is characterized by gradual action and lacks significant effect on hardening of tissues. Expensive. Slow. (1-2; 10) 4-What precautions should be taken when setting and loading a tissue processor? Make sure that all reagents are clean. Adjustment of the processor depends on type of tissue because bone tissues needs decalcification prior processing. Well trained staff should run the machine. Safety precautions should be followed (1, 10) 5-What effects can prolonged decalcification have on tissues? Prolonged decalcification causes tissue damage. Moreover, it may spoil the staining of basophilic structure like cell nuclei and causes weakness of the softer tissue elements, especially when strong acid decalcifying agent is used. In addition, it destroys the calcium that is present in the bone and eliminate the morphology of the cell (1-2; 13). 6- What methods other than a chemical test for calcium ions, are available for determining the end point of decalcification? Comment on their reliability. Radiography: sensitive method but it may lead to tissue damage due to X-ray exposure. Calcium oxalate. Physical method: but it may lead to tissue artefact if the tissue squeezed hardly (1-2; 13). 7-When embedding tissues, what should be avoided in order to ensure that quality is achieved? Paraffin wax and the cold plate must be in a right temperature. Choosing an appropriate size of moulds is critical in order to achieve high quality sections. Clean forceps should be used. Tissue should be well orientated (1, 10). References: F. A. Culling. Handbook of Histopathological and Histochemical Techniques. 3rd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann; 2013. Suvarna, SK, Layton C, Bancroft JD. Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013. Greaves P. Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies: Interpretation and Relevance in Drug Safety Evaluation. 4th Academic Press: Elsevier; 2012. Werner M, Chott A, Fabiano A, Battifora H. Effect of formalin tissue fixation and processing on immunohistochemistry. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000 Jul; 24(7):1016-9. Comanescu M, Annaratone L, D'Armento G, Cardos G, Sapino A, Bussolati G. Critical Steps in Tissue Processing in Histopathology. Recent Patents on DNA Gene Sequences. 2012 Apr; 6(1): 22-32. Parker GA, Picut CA. (2016). Atlas of Histology of the Juvenile Rat. Academic Press: Elsevier; Gopinath C, Vasanthi M. Atlas of Toxicological Pathology. Springer; 2014. Roberts N, Magee D, Song Y, Brabazon K, Shires M, Crellin D, Orsi NM, Quirke R, Quirke P, Treanor D. Toward routine use of 3D histopathology as a research tool. Am J Pathol. 2012 May;180(5):1835-42. Ruehl-Fehlert C, Kittel B, Morawietz G, Deslex P, Keenan C, et al., Revised guides for organ sampling and trimming in rats and mice Part 1. Exp Toxic Pathol. 2003; 55: 91106. Hayes AW. Principles and Methods of Toxicology. 5th CRC Press; 2007. Orchard G, Nation B. Histopathology. Oxford University Press; 2011. Moelans CB, ter Hoeve N, van Ginkel JW, ten Kate FJ, van Diest PJ. Formaldehyde substitute fixatives. Analysis of macroscopy, morphologic analysis, and immunohistochemical analysis. Am J Clin Pathol. 2011 Oct; 136(4):548-56. Callis G, Sterchi D. Decalcification of Bone: Literature Review and Practical Study of Various Decalcifying Agents. Methods, and Their Effects on Bone Histology. 1998; 21(1): 49-58.

It Is Curious To Note The Role Of Women In Shakespearean Literature. M

It is curious to note the role of women in Shakespearean literature. Many critics have lambasted the female characters in his plays as two-dimensional and unrealistic portrayals of subservient women. Others have asserted that the roles of women in his plays were prominent for the time and culture that he lived in. That such contrasting views could be held in regards to the same topic is academic. It is only with close examination of his works that we are able to suppose his intent in creating characters that inspire so much controversy. Two works, Taming of the Shrew, and Twelfth Night, stand out particularly well in regards to Shakespeare's use of female characters. After examining these two plays, one will see that Shakespeare, though conforming to contemporary attitudes of women, circumvented them by creating resolute female characters with a strong sense of self. The Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeare's most famous plays, and has weathered well into our modern era with adaptations into popular television series such as Moonlighting. For all the praises it has garnered throughout the centuries, it is curious to note that many have considered it to be one of his most controversial in his treatment of women. The "taming" of Katherine has been contended as being excessively cruel by many writers and critics of the modern era. George Bernard Shaw himself pressed for its banning during the 19th century (Peralta). The subservience of Katherine has been labeled as barbaric, antiquated, and generally demeaning. The play centers on her and her lack of suitors. It establishes in the first act her shrewish demeanor and its repercussions on her family. It is only with the introduction of the witty Petruchio as her suitor, that one begins to see an evolution in her character. Through an elaborate charade of humiliating behavior, Petruchio humbles he r and by the end of the play, she will instruct other women on the nature of being a good and dutiful wife. In direct contrast to Shrew, is Twelfth Night, whose main female protagonist is by far the strongest character in the play. The main character Viola, has been stranded in a foreign land and adopts the identity of her brother so that she might live independently without a husband or guardian. She serves as a courtier to a young, lovesick nobleman named Orsino. Throughout the play she plays as a go-between for him to the woman he loves. In the course of her service, she falls in love with him. Only at the end, does she renounce her male identity and declares her love for him. Both plays portray female characters unwilling to accept the female role of passivity. Katherine rebels against this stereotype by becoming a "shrew", a violently tempered and belligerent woman. Viola disguises herself as a man for most of the play in order to preserve her state of free will. Katherine endures reprimands, chiding, and humiliation in the course of her chosen rebellion. Viola enjoys life and position as a man, and does not reveal who she is until the last scene of the play. Curiously enough, both women voluntarily accept the roles that society would impose on them again at the close of the plays. It is important to note though, that they freely resume these roles, and that they do so out of their own sense of self. For each woman, it is a personal choice based on their desires. In the case of Katherine, she realizes that propriety is as much a signature of self-respect as respect for others, and she has a husband whom she need prove nothing to because he already respec ts her. In the case of Viola, she is in love with the young Orsino. Having found the man she would be willing to wed, the pretense of her male identity is no longer necessary, as she desires to be his wife. Having seen the similarities between Viola and Katherine, one should take notice that they do have different circumstances regarding their behavior. The reason for Katherine's shrewish demeanor is never given in the play, though many directors have interpreted it as an act to discourage suitors, much like Hamlet's feigned madness. Others have attributed it

Deductive Essay Sample on Vaccination

Deductive Essay Sample on Vaccination A deductive essay is a specific type of writing that supposes the logical development of clues and facts to a particular conclusion about the object. There are three main elements of the deductive reasoning to perform a deductive essay example: premise, evidence, and conclusion. A premise is a common fact or a set of certain circumstances that becomes a basis for further reasoning. The evidence is a piece of particular information or proof that the writer has to correlate with premises. Finally, a conclusion is a logical balance between the premise and the evidence or final analysis of the situation counting all available information. An example of a simple logical chain is the following: as all flowers are plants (premise) and roses are flowers (evidence), then roses are plants (conclusion). Writing a deductive essay demands some clearness and specificity on the logical path. Nevertheless, people use deductive reasoning in everyday life to make assumptions and conclusions about many things they encounter. It is essential to keep a focus on the chain between premises, evidence, and appropriate conclusion for academic writing. In this regard, it is necessary to state the premise and fundamental ideas that are the basis for further reasoning. Pieces of evidence could be represented by scientific findings or personal observations that prove the writer’s presumption. There can be more than one premise or evidence for the argument, but the writer should clearly connect them to formulate a distinct conclusion. Therefore, the conclusion is the most probable logical inference based on the evidence of the initial premise. Deductive reasoning is a frequent pattern of detective stories or articles in life-sciences. Simultaneously, a deductive essay is an excellent approach to evaluating knowledge in many disciplines, as it demands a robust analysis of the theme. There is an example of the deductive essay. ‘Vaccination as a Controversial Public Good’ Essay Sample Medical progress aims to protect a growing number of people from diverse diseases and harmful agents that influence human lives. Today, the most efficient way to decrease the impact of many infectious diseases is vaccination or immunization. This method implicates the administration of specific antigens for stimulating the immune system to develop a fast immune reaction for further meeting these pathogens. Vaccines can induce significant protection against many viral and bacterial infections. Specific material used for immunization frequently contains vivid attenuated or inactivated pathogens, purified native or artificial antigens of viruses or bacteria, preservatives, and excipients like stabilizers and adjuvants. According to the World Health Organization, timely vaccination saves 2-3 million children lives annually. International health authorities consider vaccines as the public good that averts millions of deaths worldwide. However, there is a growing number of people who refus e to vaccinate their children because of the unsafety and adverse effects of vaccines. Almost 200 years of immunization history gathered different pieces of evidence about controversial helpfulness of vaccines for saving the health of human populations. Scientists assert that global immunization can eradicate some infectious agents in the natural environment. The most known is an example of a successful fight with the pathogen that causes smallpox, which is fatal in 30% cases. Due to the global vaccination program, the last natural case of this disease was in Somalia in 1977. The WHO declared that smallpox was eradicated all over the world in 1980 and no longer occurs naturally. Only two special laboratories in the world obtain remaining stocks of the variola virus that causes smallpox. There is no treatment for smallpox, and only timely immunization can prevent the development of disease if it occurs in the laboratory or from unknown places. The next eradicated diseases could be polio and measles, but small outbreaks of these diseases occur in different regions with a high level of refusing immunization. Vaccination through the communities can protect even unimmunized people and eliminate some diseases. Thus, total immunization of 95 % members of a population in a particular region can prevent disease in that 5% of people who cannot achieve vaccines due to their health conditions. In this regard, some regions eliminated measles, mumps, and rubella by using multivalent MMR vaccines. However, local elimination of polio or other infections cannot prevent an external reintroduction of pathogens from unvaccinated travelers. Conversely, collective immunity is inefficient when a part of society refuses to vaccinate themselves or their children. Such actions create a natural pool for spreading infection and frequently lead to the outbreaks even among vaccinated adults. Many diseases are considered to be light childhood illnesses, but they are much more severe for adults and can cause different complications. In this regard, low compliance with the immunization plan leads to an increased risk for society and particular personalities. Frequently parents refuse to vaccinate children because of the potential adverse effect of vaccines that appears more dangerous than the disease consequences themselves. Any vaccination means contaminating the organism with external pathogens and chemical substances that cause an immune reaction. In most cases, the first reaction is typical, local and less harmful, like redness or swelling in the injection site. Common side effects also may include fever, shivering, fatigue, or headache. All these symptoms are nonspecific reactions of the immune system on meeting new antigen besides hundreds of antigens it meets every day. However, in rare cases, vaccines can cause a severe allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock. This state is dangerous and life-threatening, and it is one of the contraindications for further usage of specific vaccines for such individuals. Simultaneously, severe side effects are rare, unpredictable, and depend on individual health grounds of particular patients. Medic al authorities and manufacturers of vaccines register every adverse case for further investigation and possible enhancement of the vaccine. Another essential reason to refuse vaccines is their components that are considered harmful. Frequently, material for immunization contains aluminum salts, such as adjuvants, formaldehyde, and thimerosal as additives or preservatives. American health authorities as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) note that aluminum adjuvant vaccines demonstrated their safety for more than 70 years of immunization. Thimerosal, which is used as a preservative in multi-dose vials of vaccines, contains low doses of ethyl mercury that is easily eliminated from the human body. Small doses of formaldehyde are used for inactivation of viruses and detoxification of bacterial toxins in some types of vaccines for a long time. Conversely, only licensed vaccines undergo rigorous reviews and clinical trials before considering safe and available to use. Inappropriate storage and appliance of vaccines are much more harmful than their components. Modern medicine is evidence-based, and the benefits and risks of vaccination can also be estimated in many scientific investigations. However, the only reliable evidence about vaccination with the blind comparison of two groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients is hard to perform correctly. Hence, the scientific base of immunization is mostly the long live observation of possible adverse effects of the most researched vaccines. As usual, there is no evidence of complete safety or unsafety of particular popular vaccines. In this regard, rare severe cases of adverse vaccine consequences are only statistical errors for a numerous population. However, these few cases are also lives of certain people, and none wants to become a unique regrettable case among millions of saved lives. In conclusion, a medical breakthrough like vaccination appeared to become public good behind individual problems. Many vaccines proved their efficacy for decades of years in different regions and countries all over the world. Global immunization allowed eradicating in full measure smallpox in natural conditions. Effective and comprehensive vaccination eliminated some dangerous diseases in particular areas of the world. High levels of immunization within a specific population create collective immunity that protects unvaccinated people. Vaccination can prevent many infectious diseases or weaken their complications. In this regard, immunization is a public good that saves many lives every year. Conversely, misuse of vaccines, improper storage, or using doubtful vaccines that include high levels of harmful components can lead to severe adverse reactions. Moreover, individual sensitivity to the compounds of even licensed vaccines can cause critical damages or death after vaccination. Hen ce, public good may be dangerous for particular individuals in rare cases. Therefore, vaccination is more likely a significant medical benefit and public advantage that permanently develops to cover present individual disadvantages. This essay sample is more complicated than the illustration of deductive reasoning provided in the description of the deductive essays. Thus, the particular essay consists of three main parts: introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. The introduction contains the background of the issue and two basic premises about vaccination. The first premise is that using vaccines is a public good that saves millions of lives, and the second is that immunization is an unsafe and dangerous practice. The thesis states that there is evidence of the controversial nature of vaccination. Further, the body paragraphs describe different sub-points of the premises and scientific evidence that vaccination causes eradication and crucial elimination of serious illnesses. Conversely, the potentially harmful effect of vaccines is also described in separate paragraphs with the available evidence base. The final part of the essay contains the general conclusion about the issue that vaccination is not defin itively good or bad for people. Moreover, the conclusion briefly restates and summarizes the information mentioned in body paragraphs. Hope that this sample will be a helpful illustration for further deductive essay writing on different topics. The provided deductive essay sample includes three main elements of deductive writing: premise, evidence, and conclusion. Furthermore, these elements are logically involved in the typical essay structure of introduction, body, and conclusion. The topic sentence of each body paragraph describes the problem that will be investigated. Clear and accurate pieces of evidence support all premises that allow formulating appropriate inference. Simultaneously, suitable in-text citations of reliable sources make evidence more reasonable. The conclusion is based on the balancing of premises and used evidence, and it does not contain new information. Using several premises and specific pieces of evidence allows performing a comprehensive analysis of one topic. Moreover, deductive reasoning helps to create a logical chain to demonstrate the full understanding of the issue by the writer. References Bulletin of the World Health Organization. (2011, March 04). Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/2/07-040089/en/ CDC. (2017). Vaccine Safety. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/index.html NHS. (2016). How vaccination saves lives. Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/vaccination-saves-lives/ U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Vaccines. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/biologicsbloodvaccines/vaccines/default.htm

Identifying the Most Common North American Conifers

Identifying the Most Common North American Conifers Conifers are commonly thought to be synonymous with evergreen trees, which stay green through the year. However, not all conifers- also known as softwoods- remain green and with needles year-round. They are actually scientifically classed by how they fruit. They are gymnosperms or plants with naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary; these seed fruits called cones are considered more primitive than hardwood fruiting parts. General Guidelines for Broad Identification Though conifers may or may not lose their needles annually, most are indeed evergreen. Trees of this classification have needle-like or scale-like foliage and usually renew many leaves annually but  dont renew all of their leaves every year. The foliage is usually narrow and manifests in either sharp-pointed needles or small and scale-like leaves. Although  studying the needle is the best way to identify a conifer, conifers as a class are defined not by their leaves but by their seeds, so its only important to note the shape and size of leaves after determining whether it is a conifer by the shape, size, and type of seed the tree produces. Softwood trees  include pine, spruces, firs, and cedars, but dont let that alternative name for conifers fool you. Wood hardness varies among the conifer species, and some softwoods are actually harder than some hardwoods. The Many Types of Coniferous Leaves While all trees that bear cones are coniferous, and many of these cones are remarkably different from other species cones, often times the best way to identify the specific genus of a tree is by observing its leaves. Coniferous trees can produce two types of leaves with a variety of slight alterations that further define the tree type. If a tree has needle-like (as opposed to scale-like) leaves, it can then be further defined by how those needles are grouped (singularly or alone), how they are shaped (flattened or four-sided and sharp), the types of stems these leaves are attached to (brown or green), and if the leaves invert or not. Other Ways to Identify Conifers From there, the way the cone or seed is shaped and the way it hangs on the tree (sticking up or handing down), the smell and largeness of individual needles, and the erectness of branches in the tree can also help determine what specific type of conifer a tree is. Chances are ​if a tree has any of these features at all it is a conifer, especially if the tree also bears cone-like seeds. The Most Common Conifer Trees in North America Three of the most common conifers that grow in North America are pine, fir, and spruce trees. The Latin word conifer means to bear cones, and most but not all conifers have cones; junipers and yews, though, produce berry-like fruit. Conifers are among the smallest, largest, and oldest living woody plants known in the world. The more than 500 conifer species are distributed worldwide and are invaluable for their timber but also adapt well to the landscape; there are 200 conifer species in North America, but the most common are listed here: Bald cypress- Genus  TaxodiumCedar- Genus CedrusDouglas fir- Genus  PseudotsugaTrue fir- Genus AbiesHemlock- Genus TsugaLarch- Genus LarixPine- Genus  PinusRedwood- Genus SequoiaSpruce- Genus Picea

Transportation through the various parts of the Denver metropolitan Term Paper

Transportation through the various parts of the Denver metropolitan area - Term Paper Example After this point we were Pecos working our way onto West 56th towards Federal back onto Pecos via I-76 and followed this route all the way to West 106th where we turned around at North Glen marketplace and went back to where I started. In the interest of full disclosure I perhaps did not choose the best time to ride Denver’s Public Transit because my journey was largely during Rush hour and it was quite dark. At the beginning of my journey on 15th street one notces that the streets were eerily empty of pedestrians and some of the buildings are quite tall. Along this street the buildings are also separated by several paring lots above ground and traditional. All one sees for several blocks was empty streets and parking lots.The next major sight that we passed was Coors Field on 20th Street. Baseball season is over and the road is sided by two large concrete walls which gave a very unpleasant feeling. The next major transition was onto Navajo Street with its small house. Without question this region is distinctly residential but passes by the occasional tavern, Church or auto body shop. I remember seeing a small altercation by a bar I think was called the ‘Arabian Bar’. Aother sight that soood out in my mind was the ‘Bug Theatre’ Which had a large group of people outside of it although I could not tell of there was anything go on that evening. The bus eventually turning onto Pecos street where there were vast empty fields and huge houses or gigantic industrial park type buildings and mega parking lots with big box stores which then transitioned back into a largely empty residential area. It was a strange transition from tightly packed inner city to a more casual residential area and then finally into such an open area only to turn around and repeat the process. Although it was the case that I hardly saw any people outside of the inner city and the residential area for some reason being in the rural area on Pecos

Psychology article summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology article summary - Essay Example This is an important source of physiological stress for them because of the risk for dehydration. So the two experiments here rely on the toads sensitivity for detecting the composition of fluids around him and the stress it feels when conditions arent suitable for it- which leads to changes in both his heart rate and in its attempts to avoid these conditions and run away. Researchers therefore used an amount of sodium chloride which neither caused the toads to gain weight or loss weight, to create a "neutral" situation and then test their responses. A pilot experiment showed an increase in the heart rate of toads, which is important to set off their attempts to flee the environment. It used two solutions, one was good for the toads and the other wasnt. This technique was also good to evaluate the functional significance of conditioning (like in Pavlovs experiment with the dogs) in the context of water balance. During the experiment, researchers put the toads in Plexiglas cages, added water, changed the chemical composition of the water and lastly drained the tank. Toads were either put with another toad in the tank or placed there alone. There were mostly insignificant differences between the groups, but one significant find was that the toads placed with another toad in a tank learned to expect the reinforcement better. The toads showed learning abilities, as they anticipated the changes in water composition after it was done to them several times. Their anticipation could be witnessed by their increased heart rate. They managed to avoid losing weight almost as well as the toads never exposed to the different solution in the water. This experiment added another feature- an added compartment in the Plexiglas tank in which there was no altered solution. The toads could escape there to avoid being in contact with the solution. The results showed that all toads showed a consistent weight loss and did learn to avoid being in

1787: The Grand Convension by Clinton Rossiter :: essays research papers

The book I reviewed was 1787: The Grand Convention by Clinton Rossiter. In it he Breaks down before during and after the convention into four parts: The Setting, The Men, The Event, and The Consequences. In the Beginning Mr. Rossiter sets up for us a country that was going trough sever growing pains was without some serious help would not become the world power that it is today. The congressional form of common government that was formed during the Articles of Confederation, though not a failure, where not a success either. In order to finish what had begun with the revolution the great minds and characters of that time must band together and set aside the many differences they had in order to become one powerful government instead of a band of bickering siblings. Although Mr. Rossiter states that they did not come to Philadelphia because they all agreed they wanted to form a new structure for they government, they did feel that something had to be done or else the country that they fought so hard for to become free, would fail. Set up for the readers also were the wonderful and easy to understand breakup of all the men who were going to the convention. All of which were well-to-do men with businesses, prior political experience, and degrees from various University’s from all over the New World. As going over the names and descriptions of the Framers of the Constitution we are forced to agree with the author and others as well who say this group is the crà ¨me de la crà ¨me of the political business and military world like Washington, Hamilton, Madison, and Franklin. I must also admit though that those names were the only ones I had heard and recognized. What this book is good for it to fill in many of the spots that were missing in High School and Elementary school classes. The people who are only given 1 paragraph or a few sentences in to describe their personalities come to life in this book. For which we all must applaud Mr. Rossiter for being able to piece this pivotal moment in our history so well from notes and letters taken from the great men of this era. By far the most important part of this book was the description of the event itself that went on for many months from May 14th to September 17th.

Effects of Religion Essay

Organized religion is a subject that has been around for years and also is very controversial and can cause some problems with people that want to talk about other religions since people take offence to what they believe. In society there are very good effects of religion and there also is are negative effects but that goes with anything because you have the people that wont to do and be free with no worries of persecution. I would say who cares who is right and wrong look how much better life would be if we lived by a good religion that teaches love forgiveness tolerance which are all good tools for combating social issues.. Religious groups can be invaluable to all levels of society because churches are willing to offer financial support, counseling and to help people in need. A great example of this is the ministry of Franklin Graham. His â€Å"Operation Christmas Child brings joy and hope to children in desperate situations around the world through gift-filled shoe boxes and the Good News of God’s love. Since 1993, more than 61 million shoe boxes have been packed, shipped, and delivered across the globe† (Graham, Franklin, N. D). Unfortunately Religion has also played a major part in some of the most devastating events in world history. It has caused hatred, segregation, confrontations and friction where divided groups feel superior and want to wipe out entire nations. Throughout our history there have been many events in which individuals or groups have been persecuted for their choice of faith. One such event was the systematic mass murder of European Jews, Catholics, Protestants, Jehovah’s witness’ and many others by the German Nazi Party during World War II known as â€Å"The Holocaust†. The Germans felt superior and that Jews along with other groups were inferior. They sought to eradicate any impurities or what they thought were wrong. The main premeditated focus of the holocaust was to wipe out the Jews. Over six million Jews were murdered purely for the fact they were of Jewish faith and at the same time many other people from other religious groups were killed also. ? References Graham, Franklin. N. D. Operation Christmas Child. Samaritans purse. Retrieved September 15, 2010. (n. d). Religion, economics and demography; the effects of religion on education, work, and the family. (Brief article)(Book review). Reference & Research Book News, Retrieved from Gale: Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center (PowerSearch) database.

The Lovesong Of J. Alfred Prufrock Critical Analysis

â€Å" The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock† by T.S. Eliot’s persona is a middle-aged male who has an unpromising physical environment and will. Much of the poem consists of Prufrock contemplating whether to go forth with a daring act, but to the reader’s dismay this daring act he speaks of is talking to a woman who he seems to have feelings for. Eliot began to write The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock in 1909, and ending at the peak of his first published book, Prufrock and Other Observations, published in 1917. Eliot began graduate study in philosophy at Harvard and completed his dissertation, although the outbreak of WWI impeded him from taking his exams and receiving the degree. By that time, Eliot had already written this particular†¦show more content†¦The poem has an ironic tone which expresses the despair of modern culture through Prufrock. Eliot’s word choice exposes the speaker’s spiteful taciturnus through the feeling of isolation a nd his voluntary defeat on love and life. â€Å"Let us go then, you and I, when the evening is spread out against the sky like a patient etherized upon a table; Let us go, through half-deserted streets,† is an illustration of the usage of â€Å"us†. Initially, one believes that Prufrock is speaking to someone although, he is talking to himself, making his loneliness concrete. One major theme presented is love. Prufrock is much too coward to speak to the person he is in love with and ignores her for most of the poem. â€Å"‘Do I dare?† And â€Å"Do I dare?† Time to turn back and descend the stair† is a moment where he almost overcomes his fear of being rejected. There are more instances like these where he manipulates the reader into believing that he will overcome his fear and ask her. â€Å"Should I, after tea and cakes, and ices, have the strength to force the moment to its crisis?† highlights that Prufrock is much more concerned abou t mundane matters like eating in order to avoid the situation under all circumstances. Through the use of the words strength, force, and crisis, the speaker gives away that he will not profess his love. â€Å"There will be time to murder andShow MoreRelatedThe Lovesong of J Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot5394 Words   |  22 PagesThe Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock A Descriptive Paper Presented to the Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences University of the Cordilleras In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Course English 2 Writing in the Discipline 10:20 – 11:45 MWF By Juan Carlos P. Canilao April 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 RESEARCH OUTLINE 3 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 5 CHAPTER II: DISCUSSION 6 Thomas Stearns Eliot amp; Why He Writes Poetry