Deductive Essay Sample on Vaccination

Deductive Essay Sample on Vaccination A deductive essay is a specific type of writing that supposes the logical development of clues and facts to a particular conclusion about the object. There are three main elements of the deductive reasoning to perform a deductive essay example: premise, evidence, and conclusion. A premise is a common fact or a set of certain circumstances that becomes a basis for further reasoning. The evidence is a piece of particular information or proof that the writer has to correlate with premises. Finally, a conclusion is a logical balance between the premise and the evidence or final analysis of the situation counting all available information. An example of a simple logical chain is the following: as all flowers are plants (premise) and roses are flowers (evidence), then roses are plants (conclusion). Writing a deductive essay demands some clearness and specificity on the logical path. Nevertheless, people use deductive reasoning in everyday life to make assumptions and conclusions about many things they encounter. It is essential to keep a focus on the chain between premises, evidence, and appropriate conclusion for academic writing. In this regard, it is necessary to state the premise and fundamental ideas that are the basis for further reasoning. Pieces of evidence could be represented by scientific findings or personal observations that prove the writer’s presumption. There can be more than one premise or evidence for the argument, but the writer should clearly connect them to formulate a distinct conclusion. Therefore, the conclusion is the most probable logical inference based on the evidence of the initial premise. Deductive reasoning is a frequent pattern of detective stories or articles in life-sciences. Simultaneously, a deductive essay is an excellent approach to evaluating knowledge in many disciplines, as it demands a robust analysis of the theme. There is an example of the deductive essay. ‘Vaccination as a Controversial Public Good’ Essay Sample Medical progress aims to protect a growing number of people from diverse diseases and harmful agents that influence human lives. Today, the most efficient way to decrease the impact of many infectious diseases is vaccination or immunization. This method implicates the administration of specific antigens for stimulating the immune system to develop a fast immune reaction for further meeting these pathogens. Vaccines can induce significant protection against many viral and bacterial infections. Specific material used for immunization frequently contains vivid attenuated or inactivated pathogens, purified native or artificial antigens of viruses or bacteria, preservatives, and excipients like stabilizers and adjuvants. According to the World Health Organization, timely vaccination saves 2-3 million children lives annually. International health authorities consider vaccines as the public good that averts millions of deaths worldwide. However, there is a growing number of people who refus e to vaccinate their children because of the unsafety and adverse effects of vaccines. Almost 200 years of immunization history gathered different pieces of evidence about controversial helpfulness of vaccines for saving the health of human populations. Scientists assert that global immunization can eradicate some infectious agents in the natural environment. The most known is an example of a successful fight with the pathogen that causes smallpox, which is fatal in 30% cases. Due to the global vaccination program, the last natural case of this disease was in Somalia in 1977. The WHO declared that smallpox was eradicated all over the world in 1980 and no longer occurs naturally. Only two special laboratories in the world obtain remaining stocks of the variola virus that causes smallpox. There is no treatment for smallpox, and only timely immunization can prevent the development of disease if it occurs in the laboratory or from unknown places. The next eradicated diseases could be polio and measles, but small outbreaks of these diseases occur in different regions with a high level of refusing immunization. Vaccination through the communities can protect even unimmunized people and eliminate some diseases. Thus, total immunization of 95 % members of a population in a particular region can prevent disease in that 5% of people who cannot achieve vaccines due to their health conditions. In this regard, some regions eliminated measles, mumps, and rubella by using multivalent MMR vaccines. However, local elimination of polio or other infections cannot prevent an external reintroduction of pathogens from unvaccinated travelers. Conversely, collective immunity is inefficient when a part of society refuses to vaccinate themselves or their children. Such actions create a natural pool for spreading infection and frequently lead to the outbreaks even among vaccinated adults. Many diseases are considered to be light childhood illnesses, but they are much more severe for adults and can cause different complications. In this regard, low compliance with the immunization plan leads to an increased risk for society and particular personalities. Frequently parents refuse to vaccinate children because of the potential adverse effect of vaccines that appears more dangerous than the disease consequences themselves. Any vaccination means contaminating the organism with external pathogens and chemical substances that cause an immune reaction. In most cases, the first reaction is typical, local and less harmful, like redness or swelling in the injection site. Common side effects also may include fever, shivering, fatigue, or headache. All these symptoms are nonspecific reactions of the immune system on meeting new antigen besides hundreds of antigens it meets every day. However, in rare cases, vaccines can cause a severe allergic reaction, anaphylactic shock. This state is dangerous and life-threatening, and it is one of the contraindications for further usage of specific vaccines for such individuals. Simultaneously, severe side effects are rare, unpredictable, and depend on individual health grounds of particular patients. Medic al authorities and manufacturers of vaccines register every adverse case for further investigation and possible enhancement of the vaccine. Another essential reason to refuse vaccines is their components that are considered harmful. Frequently, material for immunization contains aluminum salts, such as adjuvants, formaldehyde, and thimerosal as additives or preservatives. American health authorities as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) note that aluminum adjuvant vaccines demonstrated their safety for more than 70 years of immunization. Thimerosal, which is used as a preservative in multi-dose vials of vaccines, contains low doses of ethyl mercury that is easily eliminated from the human body. Small doses of formaldehyde are used for inactivation of viruses and detoxification of bacterial toxins in some types of vaccines for a long time. Conversely, only licensed vaccines undergo rigorous reviews and clinical trials before considering safe and available to use. Inappropriate storage and appliance of vaccines are much more harmful than their components. Modern medicine is evidence-based, and the benefits and risks of vaccination can also be estimated in many scientific investigations. However, the only reliable evidence about vaccination with the blind comparison of two groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients is hard to perform correctly. Hence, the scientific base of immunization is mostly the long live observation of possible adverse effects of the most researched vaccines. As usual, there is no evidence of complete safety or unsafety of particular popular vaccines. In this regard, rare severe cases of adverse vaccine consequences are only statistical errors for a numerous population. However, these few cases are also lives of certain people, and none wants to become a unique regrettable case among millions of saved lives. In conclusion, a medical breakthrough like vaccination appeared to become public good behind individual problems. Many vaccines proved their efficacy for decades of years in different regions and countries all over the world. Global immunization allowed eradicating in full measure smallpox in natural conditions. Effective and comprehensive vaccination eliminated some dangerous diseases in particular areas of the world. High levels of immunization within a specific population create collective immunity that protects unvaccinated people. Vaccination can prevent many infectious diseases or weaken their complications. In this regard, immunization is a public good that saves many lives every year. Conversely, misuse of vaccines, improper storage, or using doubtful vaccines that include high levels of harmful components can lead to severe adverse reactions. Moreover, individual sensitivity to the compounds of even licensed vaccines can cause critical damages or death after vaccination. Hen ce, public good may be dangerous for particular individuals in rare cases. Therefore, vaccination is more likely a significant medical benefit and public advantage that permanently develops to cover present individual disadvantages. This essay sample is more complicated than the illustration of deductive reasoning provided in the description of the deductive essays. Thus, the particular essay consists of three main parts: introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. The introduction contains the background of the issue and two basic premises about vaccination. The first premise is that using vaccines is a public good that saves millions of lives, and the second is that immunization is an unsafe and dangerous practice. The thesis states that there is evidence of the controversial nature of vaccination. Further, the body paragraphs describe different sub-points of the premises and scientific evidence that vaccination causes eradication and crucial elimination of serious illnesses. Conversely, the potentially harmful effect of vaccines is also described in separate paragraphs with the available evidence base. The final part of the essay contains the general conclusion about the issue that vaccination is not defin itively good or bad for people. Moreover, the conclusion briefly restates and summarizes the information mentioned in body paragraphs. Hope that this sample will be a helpful illustration for further deductive essay writing on different topics. The provided deductive essay sample includes three main elements of deductive writing: premise, evidence, and conclusion. Furthermore, these elements are logically involved in the typical essay structure of introduction, body, and conclusion. The topic sentence of each body paragraph describes the problem that will be investigated. Clear and accurate pieces of evidence support all premises that allow formulating appropriate inference. Simultaneously, suitable in-text citations of reliable sources make evidence more reasonable. The conclusion is based on the balancing of premises and used evidence, and it does not contain new information. Using several premises and specific pieces of evidence allows performing a comprehensive analysis of one topic. Moreover, deductive reasoning helps to create a logical chain to demonstrate the full understanding of the issue by the writer. References Bulletin of the World Health Organization. (2011, March 04). Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/2/07-040089/en/ CDC. (2017). Vaccine Safety. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/index.html NHS. (2016). How vaccination saves lives. Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/vaccination-saves-lives/ U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2018). Vaccines. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/biologicsbloodvaccines/vaccines/default.htm

Identifying the Most Common North American Conifers

Identifying the Most Common North American Conifers Conifers are commonly thought to be synonymous with evergreen trees, which stay green through the year. However, not all conifers- also known as softwoods- remain green and with needles year-round. They are actually scientifically classed by how they fruit. They are gymnosperms or plants with naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary; these seed fruits called cones are considered more primitive than hardwood fruiting parts. General Guidelines for Broad Identification Though conifers may or may not lose their needles annually, most are indeed evergreen. Trees of this classification have needle-like or scale-like foliage and usually renew many leaves annually but  dont renew all of their leaves every year. The foliage is usually narrow and manifests in either sharp-pointed needles or small and scale-like leaves. Although  studying the needle is the best way to identify a conifer, conifers as a class are defined not by their leaves but by their seeds, so its only important to note the shape and size of leaves after determining whether it is a conifer by the shape, size, and type of seed the tree produces. Softwood trees  include pine, spruces, firs, and cedars, but dont let that alternative name for conifers fool you. Wood hardness varies among the conifer species, and some softwoods are actually harder than some hardwoods. The Many Types of Coniferous Leaves While all trees that bear cones are coniferous, and many of these cones are remarkably different from other species cones, often times the best way to identify the specific genus of a tree is by observing its leaves. Coniferous trees can produce two types of leaves with a variety of slight alterations that further define the tree type. If a tree has needle-like (as opposed to scale-like) leaves, it can then be further defined by how those needles are grouped (singularly or alone), how they are shaped (flattened or four-sided and sharp), the types of stems these leaves are attached to (brown or green), and if the leaves invert or not. Other Ways to Identify Conifers From there, the way the cone or seed is shaped and the way it hangs on the tree (sticking up or handing down), the smell and largeness of individual needles, and the erectness of branches in the tree can also help determine what specific type of conifer a tree is. Chances are ​if a tree has any of these features at all it is a conifer, especially if the tree also bears cone-like seeds. The Most Common Conifer Trees in North America Three of the most common conifers that grow in North America are pine, fir, and spruce trees. The Latin word conifer means to bear cones, and most but not all conifers have cones; junipers and yews, though, produce berry-like fruit. Conifers are among the smallest, largest, and oldest living woody plants known in the world. The more than 500 conifer species are distributed worldwide and are invaluable for their timber but also adapt well to the landscape; there are 200 conifer species in North America, but the most common are listed here: Bald cypress- Genus  TaxodiumCedar- Genus CedrusDouglas fir- Genus  PseudotsugaTrue fir- Genus AbiesHemlock- Genus TsugaLarch- Genus LarixPine- Genus  PinusRedwood- Genus SequoiaSpruce- Genus Picea

Transportation through the various parts of the Denver metropolitan Term Paper

Transportation through the various parts of the Denver metropolitan area - Term Paper Example After this point we were Pecos working our way onto West 56th towards Federal back onto Pecos via I-76 and followed this route all the way to West 106th where we turned around at North Glen marketplace and went back to where I started. In the interest of full disclosure I perhaps did not choose the best time to ride Denver’s Public Transit because my journey was largely during Rush hour and it was quite dark. At the beginning of my journey on 15th street one notces that the streets were eerily empty of pedestrians and some of the buildings are quite tall. Along this street the buildings are also separated by several paring lots above ground and traditional. All one sees for several blocks was empty streets and parking lots.The next major sight that we passed was Coors Field on 20th Street. Baseball season is over and the road is sided by two large concrete walls which gave a very unpleasant feeling. The next major transition was onto Navajo Street with its small house. Without question this region is distinctly residential but passes by the occasional tavern, Church or auto body shop. I remember seeing a small altercation by a bar I think was called the ‘Arabian Bar’. Aother sight that soood out in my mind was the ‘Bug Theatre’ Which had a large group of people outside of it although I could not tell of there was anything go on that evening. The bus eventually turning onto Pecos street where there were vast empty fields and huge houses or gigantic industrial park type buildings and mega parking lots with big box stores which then transitioned back into a largely empty residential area. It was a strange transition from tightly packed inner city to a more casual residential area and then finally into such an open area only to turn around and repeat the process. Although it was the case that I hardly saw any people outside of the inner city and the residential area for some reason being in the rural area on Pecos

Psychology article summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology article summary - Essay Example This is an important source of physiological stress for them because of the risk for dehydration. So the two experiments here rely on the toads sensitivity for detecting the composition of fluids around him and the stress it feels when conditions arent suitable for it- which leads to changes in both his heart rate and in its attempts to avoid these conditions and run away. Researchers therefore used an amount of sodium chloride which neither caused the toads to gain weight or loss weight, to create a "neutral" situation and then test their responses. A pilot experiment showed an increase in the heart rate of toads, which is important to set off their attempts to flee the environment. It used two solutions, one was good for the toads and the other wasnt. This technique was also good to evaluate the functional significance of conditioning (like in Pavlovs experiment with the dogs) in the context of water balance. During the experiment, researchers put the toads in Plexiglas cages, added water, changed the chemical composition of the water and lastly drained the tank. Toads were either put with another toad in the tank or placed there alone. There were mostly insignificant differences between the groups, but one significant find was that the toads placed with another toad in a tank learned to expect the reinforcement better. The toads showed learning abilities, as they anticipated the changes in water composition after it was done to them several times. Their anticipation could be witnessed by their increased heart rate. They managed to avoid losing weight almost as well as the toads never exposed to the different solution in the water. This experiment added another feature- an added compartment in the Plexiglas tank in which there was no altered solution. The toads could escape there to avoid being in contact with the solution. The results showed that all toads showed a consistent weight loss and did learn to avoid being in

1787: The Grand Convension by Clinton Rossiter :: essays research papers

The book I reviewed was 1787: The Grand Convention by Clinton Rossiter. In it he Breaks down before during and after the convention into four parts: The Setting, The Men, The Event, and The Consequences. In the Beginning Mr. Rossiter sets up for us a country that was going trough sever growing pains was without some serious help would not become the world power that it is today. The congressional form of common government that was formed during the Articles of Confederation, though not a failure, where not a success either. In order to finish what had begun with the revolution the great minds and characters of that time must band together and set aside the many differences they had in order to become one powerful government instead of a band of bickering siblings. Although Mr. Rossiter states that they did not come to Philadelphia because they all agreed they wanted to form a new structure for they government, they did feel that something had to be done or else the country that they fought so hard for to become free, would fail. Set up for the readers also were the wonderful and easy to understand breakup of all the men who were going to the convention. All of which were well-to-do men with businesses, prior political experience, and degrees from various University’s from all over the New World. As going over the names and descriptions of the Framers of the Constitution we are forced to agree with the author and others as well who say this group is the crà ¨me de la crà ¨me of the political business and military world like Washington, Hamilton, Madison, and Franklin. I must also admit though that those names were the only ones I had heard and recognized. What this book is good for it to fill in many of the spots that were missing in High School and Elementary school classes. The people who are only given 1 paragraph or a few sentences in to describe their personalities come to life in this book. For which we all must applaud Mr. Rossiter for being able to piece this pivotal moment in our history so well from notes and letters taken from the great men of this era. By far the most important part of this book was the description of the event itself that went on for many months from May 14th to September 17th.

Effects of Religion Essay

Organized religion is a subject that has been around for years and also is very controversial and can cause some problems with people that want to talk about other religions since people take offence to what they believe. In society there are very good effects of religion and there also is are negative effects but that goes with anything because you have the people that wont to do and be free with no worries of persecution. I would say who cares who is right and wrong look how much better life would be if we lived by a good religion that teaches love forgiveness tolerance which are all good tools for combating social issues.. Religious groups can be invaluable to all levels of society because churches are willing to offer financial support, counseling and to help people in need. A great example of this is the ministry of Franklin Graham. His â€Å"Operation Christmas Child brings joy and hope to children in desperate situations around the world through gift-filled shoe boxes and the Good News of God’s love. Since 1993, more than 61 million shoe boxes have been packed, shipped, and delivered across the globe† (Graham, Franklin, N. D). Unfortunately Religion has also played a major part in some of the most devastating events in world history. It has caused hatred, segregation, confrontations and friction where divided groups feel superior and want to wipe out entire nations. Throughout our history there have been many events in which individuals or groups have been persecuted for their choice of faith. One such event was the systematic mass murder of European Jews, Catholics, Protestants, Jehovah’s witness’ and many others by the German Nazi Party during World War II known as â€Å"The Holocaust†. The Germans felt superior and that Jews along with other groups were inferior. They sought to eradicate any impurities or what they thought were wrong. The main premeditated focus of the holocaust was to wipe out the Jews. Over six million Jews were murdered purely for the fact they were of Jewish faith and at the same time many other people from other religious groups were killed also. ? References Graham, Franklin. N. D. Operation Christmas Child. Samaritans purse. Retrieved September 15, 2010. (n. d). Religion, economics and demography; the effects of religion on education, work, and the family. (Brief article)(Book review). Reference & Research Book News, Retrieved from Gale: Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center (PowerSearch) database.

The Lovesong Of J. Alfred Prufrock Critical Analysis

â€Å" The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock† by T.S. Eliot’s persona is a middle-aged male who has an unpromising physical environment and will. Much of the poem consists of Prufrock contemplating whether to go forth with a daring act, but to the reader’s dismay this daring act he speaks of is talking to a woman who he seems to have feelings for. Eliot began to write The Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock in 1909, and ending at the peak of his first published book, Prufrock and Other Observations, published in 1917. Eliot began graduate study in philosophy at Harvard and completed his dissertation, although the outbreak of WWI impeded him from taking his exams and receiving the degree. By that time, Eliot had already written this particular†¦show more content†¦The poem has an ironic tone which expresses the despair of modern culture through Prufrock. Eliot’s word choice exposes the speaker’s spiteful taciturnus through the feeling of isolation a nd his voluntary defeat on love and life. â€Å"Let us go then, you and I, when the evening is spread out against the sky like a patient etherized upon a table; Let us go, through half-deserted streets,† is an illustration of the usage of â€Å"us†. Initially, one believes that Prufrock is speaking to someone although, he is talking to himself, making his loneliness concrete. One major theme presented is love. Prufrock is much too coward to speak to the person he is in love with and ignores her for most of the poem. â€Å"‘Do I dare?† And â€Å"Do I dare?† Time to turn back and descend the stair† is a moment where he almost overcomes his fear of being rejected. There are more instances like these where he manipulates the reader into believing that he will overcome his fear and ask her. â€Å"Should I, after tea and cakes, and ices, have the strength to force the moment to its crisis?† highlights that Prufrock is much more concerned abou t mundane matters like eating in order to avoid the situation under all circumstances. Through the use of the words strength, force, and crisis, the speaker gives away that he will not profess his love. â€Å"There will be time to murder andShow MoreRelatedThe Lovesong of J Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot5394 Words   |  22 PagesThe Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock A Descriptive Paper Presented to the Faculty of College of Arts and Sciences University of the Cordilleras In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Course English 2 Writing in the Discipline 10:20 – 11:45 MWF By Juan Carlos P. Canilao April 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 RESEARCH OUTLINE 3 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 5 CHAPTER II: DISCUSSION 6 Thomas Stearns Eliot amp; Why He Writes Poetry